Cargo build error : linking with `cc` failed: exit status: 1

Developers
1

Because my old macbook (late 2013) can not be upgraded to latest OS. I install Ubuntu on my Macbook pro. I can run dfx new, cargo check. But when I run cargo build, this error shows:

error: linking with cc failed: exit status: 1
|
= note: “cc” “-Wl,–version-script=/tmp/rustcWxuCnp/list” “-m64” “/tmp/rustcWxuCnp/symbols.o” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/hack_backend.1gcto2hz344ln0j4.rcgu.o” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/hack_backend.28svmj9hhc3kald.rcgu.o” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/hack_backend.3m7crhwxxvs3k97n.rcgu.o” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/hack_backend.4a0kaqlzlz9f2e7b.rcgu.o” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/hack_backend.4ff4j5943gw4reri.rcgu.o” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/hack_backend.2pugvonsjhicasx3.rcgu.o” “-Wl,–as-needed” “-L” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps” “-L” “/usr/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib” “-Wl,-Bstatic” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libic_cdk-76236608379fdc3b.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libic0-5efeef6928dca3ff.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libcandid-c16562ec03f4ed7e.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libcrc32fast-b2eb94b254cec6dc.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libdata_encoding-3eb5c8f6eefbfd5c.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libserde_bytes-2272f06d4c8c54fa.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libhex-20e30a8cca89e2df.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libleb128-3d7ab7ec8fcdc2a3.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libbyteorder-8c36ea85c2bdc222.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/liblogos-9c39dfb3f7d92b40.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libsha2-e3c11f3ebc66f3c6.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libcpufeatures-95763411b5c50744.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libcfg_if-de343c8d6846579c.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libdigest-d18191dcccf2a21b.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libblock_buffer-cbd0d27cf6a6c882.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libcrypto_common-b9ba81e0eaad72fe.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libgeneric_array-27ad35c03ae12143.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libtypenum-1242f45d87c7cfd5.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libnum_bigint-2a0fec7a1b64c00f.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libnum_integer-3d8abd23f4932c08.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libnum_traits-4132b2617193ab0a.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libanyhow-359b41561ee98602.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libnum_enum-0394c3585b907d2c.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libbinread-29a92d502dd7302c.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/liblazy_static-2a80db0465900544.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/liblalrpop_util-5aeec721b365ac84.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libregex-1fb92eda4d2bd837.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libregex_automata-607d951cf1435ad4.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libaho_corasick-43e704295c1dfbfb.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libmemchr-5846864be1b9aac2.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libregex_syntax-61a01e4907caf9cb.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libthiserror-961d33f333e44f10.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libcodespan_reporting-045a8028954b1ff3.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libunicode_width-cdcbd64fdb4dc2f4.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libtermcolor-6d92c315089e3d20.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libpretty-9f657c7c1bc425d3.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libarrayvec-73bae054e0fe9aef.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libtyped_arena-4f91b9057f581539.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libserde-8c7b8fdfd9bc304b.rlib” “/usr/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libstd-74560a80722ed8a0.rlib” “/usr/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libpanic_unwind-70c2766bc55ddf31.rlib” “/usr/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libobject-8867bf00b12a2e02.rlib” “/usr/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libmemchr-a2cbadfbf168777c.rlib” “/usr/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libaddr2line-16d5ee80f9f6e6fc.rlib” “/usr/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libgimli-6814440456203ead.rlib” “/usr/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/librustc_demangle-6e87f7598b9b2f02.rlib” “/usr/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libstd_detect-4b593bce19d6ab94.rlib” “/usr/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libcfg_if-dbbfd7add43cf34b.rlib” “/usr/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libhashbrown-ae9b8dbbe2776298.rlib” “/usr/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libminiz_oxide-96ceab1aba975840.rlib” “/usr/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libadler-e5d2e0e025026871.rlib” “/usr/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/librustc_std_workspace_alloc-bc81619498004ce2.rlib” “/usr/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libunwind-3a18560f766a05bb.rlib” “/usr/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libcfg_if-73c50a6b5e4ee22c.rlib” “/usr/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/liblibc-696b5be6c631acb2.rlib” “/usr/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/liballoc-1dce734232aa3e9f.rlib” “/usr/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/librustc_std_workspace_core-747e3d9464288db6.rlib” “/usr/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libcore-6e4b9d30f9a50be9.rlib” “/usr/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libcompiler_builtins-efcfa0741c74bb0a.rlib” “-Wl,-Bdynamic” “-lgcc_s” “-lutil” “-lrt” “-lpthread” “-lm” “-ldl” “-lc” “-Wl,–eh-frame-hdr” “-Wl,-znoexecstack” “-L” “/usr/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib” “-o” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test/hack/target/debug/deps/libhack_backend.so” “-Wl,–gc-sections” “-shared” “-Wl,-zrelro,-znow” “-nodefaultlibs” “-Wl,-soname=libhack_backend.so”
= note: /usr/bin/ld:/tmp/rustcWxuCnp/list:3: syntax error in VERSION script
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

error: could not compile hack_backend due to previous error

2

It is likely you have a broken Rust installation that cannot deal with wasm32 target. How did you install the Rust compiler? You can also run rustc --print target-list to see if wasm32-unknown-unknown is in the supported target list.

It is recommended that you use rustup to install Rust compiler.

1 Like
3

Thank you. wasm32-unknow-unknow is in supported target list.
I can cargo build on a regular rust project. But when dfx new a project, cargo build fails.
tom@tom:~$ rustc --print target-list
aarch64-apple-darwin
aarch64-apple-ios
aarch64-apple-ios-macabi
aarch64-apple-ios-sim
aarch64-apple-tvos
aarch64-apple-watchos-sim
aarch64-fuchsia
aarch64-kmc-solid_asp3
aarch64-linux-android
aarch64-nintendo-switch-freestanding
aarch64-pc-windows-gnullvm
aarch64-pc-windows-msvc
aarch64-unknown-freebsd
aarch64-unknown-hermit
aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu_ilp32
aarch64-unknown-linux-musl
aarch64-unknown-netbsd
aarch64-unknown-none
aarch64-unknown-none-softfloat
aarch64-unknown-openbsd
aarch64-unknown-redox
aarch64-unknown-uefi
aarch64-uwp-windows-msvc
aarch64-wrs-vxworks
aarch64_be-unknown-linux-gnu
aarch64_be-unknown-linux-gnu_ilp32
arm-linux-androideabi
arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi
arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf
arm-unknown-linux-musleabi
arm-unknown-linux-musleabihf
arm64_32-apple-watchos
armeb-unknown-linux-gnueabi
armebv7r-none-eabi
armebv7r-none-eabihf
armv4t-none-eabi
armv4t-unknown-linux-gnueabi
armv5te-none-eabi
armv5te-unknown-linux-gnueabi
armv5te-unknown-linux-musleabi
armv5te-unknown-linux-uclibceabi
armv6-unknown-freebsd
armv6-unknown-netbsd-eabihf
armv6k-nintendo-3ds
armv7-apple-ios
armv7-linux-androideabi
armv7-unknown-freebsd
armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi
armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf
armv7-unknown-linux-musleabi
armv7-unknown-linux-musleabihf
armv7-unknown-linux-uclibceabi
armv7-unknown-linux-uclibceabihf
armv7-unknown-netbsd-eabihf
armv7-wrs-vxworks-eabihf
armv7a-kmc-solid_asp3-eabi
armv7a-kmc-solid_asp3-eabihf
armv7a-none-eabi
armv7a-none-eabihf
armv7k-apple-watchos
armv7r-none-eabi
armv7r-none-eabihf
armv7s-apple-ios
asmjs-unknown-emscripten
avr-unknown-gnu-atmega328
bpfeb-unknown-none
bpfel-unknown-none
hexagon-unknown-linux-musl
i386-apple-ios
i586-pc-windows-msvc
i586-unknown-linux-gnu
i586-unknown-linux-musl
i686-apple-darwin
i686-linux-android
i686-pc-windows-gnu
i686-pc-windows-msvc
i686-unknown-freebsd
i686-unknown-haiku
i686-unknown-linux-gnu
i686-unknown-linux-musl
i686-unknown-netbsd
i686-unknown-openbsd
i686-unknown-uefi
i686-uwp-windows-gnu
i686-uwp-windows-msvc
i686-wrs-vxworks
m68k-unknown-linux-gnu
mips-unknown-linux-gnu
mips-unknown-linux-musl
mips-unknown-linux-uclibc
mips64-openwrt-linux-musl
mips64-unknown-linux-gnuabi64
mips64-unknown-linux-muslabi64
mips64el-unknown-linux-gnuabi64
mips64el-unknown-linux-muslabi64
mipsel-sony-psp
mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu
mipsel-unknown-linux-musl
mipsel-unknown-linux-uclibc
mipsel-unknown-none
mipsisa32r6-unknown-linux-gnu
mipsisa32r6el-unknown-linux-gnu
mipsisa64r6-unknown-linux-gnuabi64
mipsisa64r6el-unknown-linux-gnuabi64
msp430-none-elf
nvptx64-nvidia-cuda
powerpc-unknown-freebsd
powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu
powerpc-unknown-linux-gnuspe
powerpc-unknown-linux-musl
powerpc-unknown-netbsd
powerpc-unknown-openbsd
powerpc-wrs-vxworks
powerpc-wrs-vxworks-spe
powerpc64-unknown-freebsd
powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu
powerpc64-unknown-linux-musl
powerpc64-unknown-openbsd
powerpc64-wrs-vxworks
powerpc64le-unknown-freebsd
powerpc64le-unknown-linux-gnu
powerpc64le-unknown-linux-musl
riscv32gc-unknown-linux-gnu
riscv32gc-unknown-linux-musl
riscv32i-unknown-none-elf
riscv32im-unknown-none-elf
riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf
riscv32imac-unknown-xous-elf
riscv32imc-esp-espidf
riscv32imc-unknown-none-elf
riscv64gc-unknown-freebsd
riscv64gc-unknown-linux-gnu
riscv64gc-unknown-linux-musl
riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf
riscv64gc-unknown-openbsd
riscv64imac-unknown-none-elf
s390x-unknown-linux-gnu
s390x-unknown-linux-musl
sparc-unknown-linux-gnu
sparc64-unknown-linux-gnu
sparc64-unknown-netbsd
sparc64-unknown-openbsd
sparcv9-sun-solaris
thumbv4t-none-eabi
thumbv5te-none-eabi
thumbv6m-none-eabi
thumbv7a-pc-windows-msvc
thumbv7a-uwp-windows-msvc
thumbv7em-none-eabi
thumbv7em-none-eabihf
thumbv7m-none-eabi
thumbv7neon-linux-androideabi
thumbv7neon-unknown-linux-gnueabihf
thumbv7neon-unknown-linux-musleabihf
thumbv8m.base-none-eabi
thumbv8m.main-none-eabi
thumbv8m.main-none-eabihf
wasm32-unknown-emscripten
wasm32-unknown-unknown
wasm32-wasi
wasm64-unknown-unknown
x86_64-apple-darwin
x86_64-apple-ios
x86_64-apple-ios-macabi
x86_64-apple-tvos
x86_64-apple-watchos-sim
x86_64-fortanix-unknown-sgx
x86_64-fuchsia
x86_64-linux-android
x86_64-pc-solaris
x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
x86_64-pc-windows-gnullvm
x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
x86_64-sun-solaris
x86_64-unknown-dragonfly
x86_64-unknown-freebsd
x86_64-unknown-haiku
x86_64-unknown-hermit
x86_64-unknown-illumos
x86_64-unknown-l4re-uclibc
x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
x86_64-unknown-linux-gnux32
x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
x86_64-unknown-netbsd
x86_64-unknown-none
x86_64-unknown-none-linuxkernel
x86_64-unknown-openbsd
x86_64-unknown-redox
x86_64-unknown-uefi
x86_64-uwp-windows-gnu
x86_64-uwp-windows-msvc
x86_64-wrs-vxworks

4

I uninstall rustup and install rustup. This error shows:
error: linking with cc failed: exit status: 1
|
= note: LC_ALL=“C” PATH=“/home/tom/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin:/home/sk/.cargo/bin:/home/tom/bin:/home/sk/.cargo/bin:/home/tom/.cargo/bin:/home/tom/bin:/home/tom/.cargo/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin:/snap/bin:/home/tom/bin:/home/tom/bin” VSLANG=“1033” “cc” “-Wl,–version-script=/tmp/rustchqG4xS/list” “-Wl,–no-undefined-version” “-m64” “/tmp/rustchqG4xS/symbols.o” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/hack_backend.1apcxxuqup7i1mms.rcgu.o” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/hack_backend.1hjww401m571oirf.rcgu.o” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/hack_backend.5ejfe5zmc6h6gtc7.rcgu.o” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/hack_backend.ktty4f22lwza01x.rcgu.o” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/hack_backend.4p3b4esn0ie9eg2g.rcgu.o” “-Wl,–as-needed” “-L” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps” “-L” “/home/tom/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib” “-Wl,-Bstatic” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libic_cdk-f11a5ed5a8b5c55a.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libic0-fd32e411b4b63cf2.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libcandid-d0807d9e4042c88c.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libcrc32fast-4c6a17386c04a5f4.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libdata_encoding-357d47a27e223b22.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libserde_bytes-a1cd2c2818e6694c.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libhex-08e2f3bcf99893c9.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libleb128-3f0817f5af3a120e.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libbyteorder-311dd1160d7a0ea9.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/liblogos-e2d1e430897bda53.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libsha2-e1a4744829e43b89.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libcpufeatures-03b5125ce21b1471.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libcfg_if-eeaea7e5ccc9d40b.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libdigest-3117814586c6d8f9.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libblock_buffer-95d6036967dde66c.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libcrypto_common-b45197cc96a536ce.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libgeneric_array-7d781e45dc1583a2.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libtypenum-1b326b37270b9e06.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libnum_bigint-53c3ffeef551e69e.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libnum_integer-fdf9b3e0ff51093e.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libnum_traits-8c9153d642e3aa5f.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libanyhow-1ffb6b897acdb64b.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libnum_enum-f581b6c1b0b3b1ec.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libbinread-f6e658dc0d04ada9.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/liblazy_static-4041f3fdb8b90e46.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/liblalrpop_util-90b449a663769ad0.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libregex-27a40e0bfcc88453.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libregex_automata-0a8313076f68c73c.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libaho_corasick-0daa974fc4813d4c.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libmemchr-aafa1801c19ff835.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libregex_syntax-573443917b605f92.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libthiserror-b20f4832c5c373c1.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libcodespan_reporting-9501152a221336e6.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libunicode_width-4dac94798691aaa7.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libtermcolor-3fd96824c27b78b8.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libpretty-6803c2efee005727.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libarrayvec-16ff79056accf1d2.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libtyped_arena-eab3a0d8b55359d6.rlib” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libserde-935cba2d847aa520.rlib” “/home/tom/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libstd-7b9f6349d87c69a1.rlib” “/home/tom/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libpanic_unwind-8aa13c9d539a65d0.rlib” “/home/tom/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libobject-584d799a3f3eb3c4.rlib” “/home/tom/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libmemchr-31c151ca16df12cb.rlib” “/home/tom/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libaddr2line-c7816532343be4b4.rlib” “/home/tom/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libgimli-b9b833ec51690ba4.rlib” “/home/tom/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/librustc_demangle-77071c92726d4076.rlib” “/home/tom/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libstd_detect-e299e57d9e5c1111.rlib” “/home/tom/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libhashbrown-2c7771df0549e461.rlib” “/home/tom/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/librustc_std_workspace_alloc-ea1a747db17b6836.rlib” “/home/tom/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libminiz_oxide-0e3146805ce934d6.rlib” “/home/tom/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libadler-464690d32269d503.rlib” “/home/tom/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libunwind-6563489380ff8725.rlib” “/home/tom/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libcfg_if-eeca9ee8c0120aaf.rlib” “/home/tom/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/liblibc-d302b9c70aefff51.rlib” “/home/tom/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/liballoc-99d811a5f83caaf4.rlib” “/home/tom/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/librustc_std_workspace_core-699fe6dfc31ade7e.rlib” “/home/tom/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libcore-4efaba4fe03302d5.rlib” “/home/tom/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libcompiler_builtins-d092fa2c0bdfc89c.rlib” “-Wl,-Bdynamic” “-lgcc_s” “-lutil” “-lrt” “-lpthread” “-lm” “-ldl” “-lc” “-Wl,–eh-frame-hdr” “-Wl,-z,noexecstack” “-L” “/home/tom/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib” “-o” “/home/tom/Code/rust/ic/hackathon/workshop1/test2/hack/target/debug/deps/libhack_backend.so” “-Wl,–gc-sections” “-shared” “-Wl,-z,relro,-z,now” “-nodefaultlibs”
= note: /usr/bin/ld:/tmp/rustchqG4xS/list:3: syntax error in VERSION script
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

error: could not compile hack_backend (lib) due to previous error

5

Ah I got it. You were trying to run cargo build manually and ran into this error. Usually you just run dfx deploy, which will build automatically. If you want to build manually, you can do cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown, which should succeed without any problem.

2 Likes
6

dfx deploy fails. The error shows:
error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/fallback.rs:85:52
|
85 | …: &[u8]) → Option {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/fallback.rs:125:60
|
125 | …: &[u8]) → Option {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/fallback.rs:168:44
|
168 | pub fn memrchr(n1: u8, haystack: &[u8]) → Option {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/fallback.rs:206:53
|
206 | …: &[u8]) → Option {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/fallback.rs:245:61
|
245 | …: &[u8]) → Option {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0405]: cannot find trait Fn in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/fallback.rs:287:29
|
287 | unsafe fn forward_search<F: Fn(u8) → bool>(
| ^^ not found in this scope

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/fallback.rs:292:6
|
292 | ) → Option {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0425]: cannot find value None in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/fallback.rs:302:5
|
302 | None
| ^^^^ not found in this scope
|
help: consider importing this unit variant
|
5 + use crate::memmem::Prefilter::None;
|

error[E0405]: cannot find trait Fn in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/fallback.rs:306:29
|
306 | unsafe fn reverse_search<F: Fn(u8) → bool>(
| ^^ not found in this scope

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/fallback.rs:311:6
|
311 | ) → Option {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0425]: cannot find value None in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/fallback.rs:321:5
|
321 | None
| ^^^^ not found in this scope
|
help: consider importing this unit variant
|
5 + use crate::memmem::Prefilter::None;
|

error[E0405]: cannot find trait Iterator in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/iter.rs:50:10
|
50 | impl<'a> Iterator for Memchr<'a> {
| ^^^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/iter.rs:54:27
|
54 | fn next(&mut self) → Option {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/iter.rs:59:36
|
59 | fn size_hint(&self) → (usize, Option) {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0405]: cannot find trait DoubleEndedIterator in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/iter.rs:64:10
|
64 | impl<'a> DoubleEndedIterator for Memchr<'a> {
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/iter.rs:66:32
|
66 | fn next_back(&mut self) → OptionSelf::Item {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0405]: cannot find trait Iterator in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/iter.rs:94:10
|
94 | impl<'a> Iterator for Memchr2<'a> {
| ^^^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/iter.rs:98:27
|
98 | fn next(&mut self) → Option {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/iter.rs:103:36
|
103 | fn size_hint(&self) → (usize, Option) {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0405]: cannot find trait DoubleEndedIterator in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/iter.rs:108:10
|
108 | impl<'a> DoubleEndedIterator for Memchr2<'a> {
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/iter.rs:110:32
|
110 | fn next_back(&mut self) → OptionSelf::Item {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0405]: cannot find trait Iterator in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/iter.rs:148:10
|
148 | impl<'a> Iterator for Memchr3<'a> {
| ^^^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/iter.rs:152:27
|
152 | fn next(&mut self) → Option {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/iter.rs:160:36
|
160 | fn size_hint(&self) → (usize, Option) {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0405]: cannot find trait DoubleEndedIterator in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/iter.rs:165:10
|
165 | impl<'a> DoubleEndedIterator for Memchr3<'a> {
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/iter.rs:167:32
|
167 | fn next_back(&mut self) → OptionSelf::Item {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/naive.rs:3:43
|
3 | pub fn memchr(n1: u8, haystack: &[u8]) → Option {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/naive.rs:7:52
|
7 | …k: &[u8]) → Option {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/naive.rs:11:60
|
11 | …: &[u8]) → Option {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/naive.rs:15:44
|
15 | pub fn memrchr(n1: u8, haystack: &[u8]) → Option {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/naive.rs:19:53
|
19 | …: &[u8]) → Option {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/naive.rs:23:61
|
23 | …: &[u8]) → Option {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/mod.rs:87:47
|
87 | pub fn memchr(needle: u8, haystack: &[u8]) → Option {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/mod.rs:116:40
|
116 | fn imp(n1: u8, haystack: &[u8]) → Option {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0425]: cannot find value None in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/mod.rs:121:9
|
121 | None
| ^^^^ not found in this scope
|
help: consider importing this unit variant
|
1 + use crate::memmem::Prefilter::None;
|

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/mod.rs:151:62
|
151 | …: &[u8]) → Option {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/mod.rs:169:48
|
169 | …: &[u8]) → Option {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0425]: cannot find value None in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/mod.rs:174:9
|
174 | None
| ^^^^ not found in this scope
|
help: consider importing this unit variant
|
1 + use crate::memmem::Prefilter::None;
|

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/mod.rs:209:6
|
209 | ) → Option {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/mod.rs:227:56
|
227 | …: &[u8]) → Option {
| ^^^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0425]: cannot find value None in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/mod.rs:232:9
|
232 | None
| ^^^^ not found in this scope
|
help: consider importing this unit variant
|
1 + use crate::memmem::Prefilter::None;
|

error[E0412]: cannot find type Option in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memchr/mod.rs:260:48

error[E0425]: cannot find function, tuple struct or tuple variant Some in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memmem/mod.rs:1005:32
|
1005 | … return tw.find(Some(&mut pre), haystack, needle);
| ^^^^ not found in this scope

error[E0425]: cannot find function, tuple struct or tuple variant Some in this scope
→ /home/tom/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/memchr-2.5.0/src/memmem/mod.rs:1117:22
|
1117 | Empty => Some(haystack.len()),
| ^^^^ not found in this scope

Some errors have detailed explanations: E0405, E0412, E0425, E0433, E0463, E0531.
error: could not compile memchr (lib) due to 214 previous errors
Error: Failed while trying to deploy canisters.
Caused by: Failed while trying to deploy canisters.
Failed to build all canisters.
Failed while trying to build all canisters.
The build step failed for canister ‘bkyz2-fmaaa-aaaaa-qaaaq-cai’ (hack_backend) with an embedded error: Failed to build Rust canister ‘hack_backend’.: Failed to compile the rust package: hack_backend

7

Thank you for the helpful replying!

what is a good way to uninstall and install all components of the rust and dfx?

8

I find this information in error output and fix it:

error[E0463]: can’t find crate for std
|
= note: the wasm32-unknown-unknown target may not be installed
= help: consider downloading the target with rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown

Thank you very much

1 Like
9

Hi, did you solve the problem? Could you share your experiences

10

I just had and fixed the same problem: error: linking with cc failed: exit status: 1

It could have been one of two things.
(1) Reinstall: rustup self uninstall & curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
(2) IC-style build: cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown

Then dfx deploy worked.

Note: cargo build still fails (as expected) but I was trying to diagnose a dfx deploy failure on fresh projects.

11

If I understand correctly, dfx build is equivalent to cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --release -p hello_backend --locked.
So if you want to compile the files before deployment, you can use the dfx build.