The standard doesn’t have them yet as you can see from its repository.
The working group which is responsible for the ICRC-1 Token Standard is discussing right now the possibility of adding something similar to ERC-20 approve/transferFrom but with some limitation. This new set of API has the name 2-steps transfer. You can find part of the discussion here. You can also see the 2-steps transfer methods in the interface of the ICRC1 Ledger implementation from DFINITY.
Do you have any specific concerns that I can try to answer?