# R&D : Hybrid Post-Quantum solutions **URL:** \ **Category:** Developers\ **Created:** [September 10, 2025, 4:14pm UTC](https://forum.dfinity.org/t/r-d-hybrid-post-quantum-solutions/57287 "2025-09-10T16:14:59Z")\ **Posts on this page:** 2\ **Page:** 1
**Author:** ![ZxFae33](https://sea1.discourse-cdn.com/flex023/user_avatar/forum.dfinity.org/zxfae33/32/30552_2.png) [@ZxFae33](https://forum.dfinity.org/u/ZxFae33)\ **Post date:** [September 10, 2025, 4:15pm UTC](https://forum.dfinity.org/t/r-d-hybrid-post-quantum-solutions/57287/1 "2025-09-10T16:15:00Z")
Hi everyone, This topics specifies the Qubex Protocol, **Hybrid Post-Quantum Cryptographic** Layer 2, a **new approach** for blockchain transition to quantum-resistant cryptographic. We are following the Europe’s **ANSSI** **recommendations** to ensure the transition with current system. **We use** **ICP in layer 1** , which allows us to benefit from the basic speed of this layer. **Read this post, share your feedback. Also we can open our repository for further review under certain conditions.** _I apologize for this lengthy topic; I am currently finishing my white paper on our solution and am attempting to make it as straightforward as possible._ **Vision** **On** **our approach** we **implements NIST-standardized** **post-quantum algorithms** **in a hybrid** **configuration** with classical cryptographic schemes to ensure backward compatibility and progressive migration. Respectively, given the uncertainty surrounding the official implementations chosen by blockchains, **we have built an abstraction** around the **ECDSA** and **Schnorr** for classical algorithm then **ML-DSA-44** (Dilithium-2) and **SLH-DSA-SHA2-128f** (SPHINCS+) **for** post quantum algorithms **to manage signature** schemes, and **we use** **ML-KEM-768** (Kyber-768) **for datas encryption**. I’m going to tell you about signatures; so we’re not going to talk about **ML-KEM-768.** **Challenges** Of course, there are **many significant challenges to consider** , some of which can be resolved; others require more in-depth work on the ICP protocol. (_More deeply challenges (private key management (no custodial system), canister communications..) must be implemented on the layer 1_) For example for the _post-quantum_ transition we have the size challenge, **for a ECDSA signature the size is 64 bytes** , while **ML-DSA-44 is 2,420 bytes** or **SLH-DSA-SHA2-128f 17kb**. For that we have implemented a compression mechanism to reduce the size; we compress by **approximately 60%** using zstd. An another way, the compression/decompression must be assure the integrity. Verification system → **Phase 1** ```rust // generate a signature let signature = create_hybryd_signature(...); // compress signature let compressed = CompressedHybridSignature(...); ``` **Phase 2** ```rust fn verify_compressed_hybrid_signature(&self, message: [&u8], compressed_signature: &CompressedHybridSignature)-> Result<...>{ // I validation before decompression SecureDecompressionValidator::... // II Secure decompression with limits let decompressed_data = safe_decompress_with_validation(...) // III Deserialization let signature = HybridSignature::deserialize_from_bytes(...) // IV Verification cryptographic self.verify.. } ``` ![Untitled Diagram.drawio](https://us1.discourse-cdn.com/flex023/uploads/dfn/original/3X/b/5/b55db7211301acf0735ed732358e73b25427aafd.png) That’s so one example among others examples we try to solve; **Hybridation** Today we have make many progress on this R&D, **the hybridation system is the BETTER way to ensure the compatibility with the current system** , and be ready to the quantum era; **Why ?** Let me explain the concept: imagine that **a transaction is represented by a color** , this color being a signature. **This color is vulnerable**. _When? We don’t know\*_, but it can happen very quickly. **The principle is to protect current transactions using a dual signature system** , i.e., two colors: **the first color guarantees compatibility(ecdsa, schnorr**…**)** with current protocols, while **the second signature guarantees a future validation** system that is already active. Why? Because **by creating a hybrid system, we can link two signatures and impose double verification** (\*_Yesterday’s advice has become recommendations, which have become obligations. Sensitive sectors such as finance, telecommunications, and energy are required to find a quick solution within a specific deadline-USA_) **So in concret term what is happening ?** (I truncated the generation so that it would be sufficiently readable) You can see many parameters on a hybrid generation ```candid dfx canister call qubex_crypto generate_hybrid_keypair '(record { require_both_signatures = false; fallback_to_classical = true; minimum_security_level = variant { Standard }; auto_upgrade_signatures = true; quantum_readiness_threshold = 0.9 })' ( variant { Ok = record { key_id = "hybrid_1757446383536423918"; classical_algorithm = variant { ECDSA }; derived_address = "hybrid_9d78b5a1b885bb21b34346e10650c2eb8a4d3e55"; quantum_public_key = blob 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classical_public_key = blob "\03\d4\25\ae\ee\11\a0\bf\08\8f\f7\ed\ae\80\4c\9d\59\ba\47\80\e8\fa\51\ca\45\07\6c\58\a8\88\98\2d\7c"; quantum_algorithm = variant { MlDsa44 }; } }, ) ``` Now we can sign the transaction : ```candid dfx canister call qubex_crypto create_hybrid_signature "(record { message = blob \"516265782048796272696420536967207465737421\"; key_id = \"hybrid_1757442545037856490\"; transition_mode = variant { HybridRequired }; policy = null; })" ( variant { Ok = record { metadata = record { security_level = variant { Quantum }; version = 1 : nat8; timestamp = 1_757_442_849 : nat64; transition_mode = variant { HybridRequired }; compatibility_level = variant { Modern }; }; quantum_resistant = record { algorithm = variant { MlDsa44 }; signature = blob 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public_key = blob 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}; classical = record { algorithm = variant { ECDSA }; signature = blob "\81\f4\1f\48\ce\7d\54\82\71\a7\52...51\2d\4c\fc\36\2b\aa\b2\b0\64\1e\ce\6a\3a\57\bd\c4\c0"; public_key = blob "\02\f6\84\a9\68\0c\d2\...21\c7\81\a7\00\71\5f\68\1f\67\44\84\8c\4f\a8\b0\fe\82\f3\74\0d"; }; } }, ) ``` Signature with compress algorithm ```candid dfx canister call qubex_crypto create_compressed_hybrid_signature '(blob "ICP Forum - Post Quantum Cryptography", "hybrid_1757446383536423918", variant { HybridRequired })' ( variant { Ok = record { metadata = record { security_level = variant { Quantum }; version = 1 : nat8; timestamp = 1_757_446_496 : nat64; transition_mode = variant { HybridRequired }; compatibility_level = variant { Modern }; }; compression_level = 22 : nat8; compressed_data = blob 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compressed_size = 5_426 : nat64; original_size = 13_955 : nat64; compression_ratio = 61.11787889645288 : float64; } }, ) ``` We gain ratio : 61%. **Terminal view** ![screenshot_09092025_215330](https://us1.discourse-cdn.com/flex023/uploads/dfn/original/3X/7/3/736c11c9b4beece517d8211b7e3ec529ab33c265.png) For this demonstration, I created a message with a simple string, but in reality, we use it for transactions, whether batch transactions or simple transactions. **Now we know we can create an hybrid signature, so what’s the next ?** **Part II** : Wallet Quantum Safe Philippe. ---
**Author:** ![baolongt](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/b/4491bb/32.png) [@baolongt](https://forum.dfinity.org/u/baolongt)\ **Post date:** [September 12, 2025, 10:45am UTC](https://forum.dfinity.org/t/r-d-hybrid-post-quantum-solutions/57287/2 "2025-09-12T10:45:05Z")
Hi! I’m not understand much on this cryptographic topic but good luck